Sunday, September 25, 2011
Advanced Placement World History
So much to do. For starters, READ Chapter 5 and email me 1 good multiple choice question so that I can put your test together. Also, complete all 5 maps that I handed out and we will begin filling out the Classical Civilizations chart.
World History- Periods 2, 4, 6
Unit 1 Vocabulary- KNOW ALL THESE WORDS :)
1. Government: a system for controlling society
2. Monarchy: a single person called a king or monarch ruled in this type of government
3. Aristocracy: a government ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning people
4. Oligarchy: a government ruled by a few powerful people
5. Democracy: means “rule of the people”
6. Direct democracy: a form of government in which citizens rule and make laws directly rather than through representatives
7. Plato- The Republic: Had a vision of a perfect government society. He wanted society governed not by the richest and most powerful but by the wisest, whom he called philosopher-kings.
8. Aristotle- Politics: believed in the rule of law where everybody should follow the law, such as a written constitution that even a king would have to follow since human beings were like “animals”.
9. Republic: a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to elect the leaders who make governmental decisions. It is an indirect democracy.
10. Senate: in Rome was made up by leading patricians (the wealthy class that represented wealthier Romans), in America there are two senators per state that represent people.
11. Judaism: Israelites believed that God commanded people to live moral lives.
12. Ten Commandments: Like the Greeks and Romans, the Jews had a written code of laws given to Moses but focused on morality and ethics and less on politics.
13. Christianity: founded by Jesus, he stressed the importance of people’s love for God, their neighbors, enemies, and themselves.
14. Common law: reflected customs and principles established over time by laws unlike Roman law, which expressed the will of a ruler or a lawmaker.
15. Magna Carta: limited the power of the English monarch. Had to govern according to law.
16. Due process: The right to have the law work in known, orderly ways was written into the Magna Carta.
17. Parliament: a group of leaders in a government who limit the power of the monarch and represent people in making laws.
18. Divine right: idea that monarchs were chosen by God and responsible only to God.
19. Glorious Revolution: it went further than the Magna Carta in limiting the monarch’s power by controlling who came to power.
20. Constitutional monarchy: the powers of the ruler are restricted by a constitution and the laws of the country.
21. Bill of Rights: a legal summary of the rights and liberties believed important to the people.
22. Enlightenment: used reason to question everything and identify solutions to problems.
23. Social Contract: agreement among members of society on how to be ruled.
24. Natural rights: the idea that human beings have basic rights to life, liberty, and property.
25. Separation of powers: a way to control government by dividing it into three separate branches; a legislature to make laws, an executive to enforce them, and courts to judge them.
26. Representative government: one in which citizens elect representatives to make laws.b
27. Federal system: dividing the government between the federal and states and local governments.
28. Absolute monarchs: kinds or queens who held all of the power within their nations.
29. Habeas corpus: gives the right of the accused to be brought before a judge on trial with specific charges.
30. Scientific Revolution: the challenging of old ideas of the ancient thinkers and the church by questioning accepted beliefs.
31. John Locke: believed all people are born free and equal with three natural rights- life, liberty, and property.
32. Philosophe: French word for philosophers. Believed people could use reason to understand all aspects of life.
33. Voltaire: believed in freedom of speech to fight against intolerance, prejudice, and superstition. “I do not agree with what word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”.
34. Montesqueiu: proposed the separation of powers or checks and balances to control of the power of government.
35. Rousseau: believed that people should agree to give up some of their freedom in favor of being governed, this is known as consent of the governed.
36. Wollstonecraft: she argued that women, like men, need education to become good and useful people.
37. Baroque: a grand, ornate design used to make elaborate art, this is part of the neoclassical style.
38. Enlightened despot: monarchs who supported the ideas of the philosophe’s. Examples are, Frederick the Great, Joseph II, and Catherine the Great.
39. Declaration of Independence: a document that allows the American colonists to break away from the social contract they had with Britain and gives them natural rights such as “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” according to Thomas Jefferson.
40. Thomas Jefferson: believed in the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment. Believed in natural rights, instead of saying property says the pursuit of happiness.
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